Unveiling the Causes of Recurrent Miscarriages

Miscarriage, or the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks, is a deeply emotional and physically painful experience for any woman. While the majority of pregnancies are carried to term successfully, some women face the heartbreak of recurrent miscarriages—defined as having two or more consecutive pregnancy losses. Identifying the causes of recurrent miscarriages is essential for effective treatments for women experiencing this painful journey.

Causes of Recurrent Miscarriages

1. Genetic Factors

One of the most common reasons behind recurrent miscarriage is genetic abnormalities in the embryo. Chromosomal abnormalities occur during the fertilization process, where the fetus inherits an incorrect number of chromosomes or a genetic combination that is incompatible with life. These abnormalities can result in the body naturally terminating the pregnancy to prevent the development of a non-viable fetus. The risk of genetic issues increases with maternal age, particularly after age 35.

2. Anatomical Abnormalities

Certain structural abnormalities in the reproductive system can significantly increase the risk of miscarriage. Women with uterine abnormalities such as a septate uterus (a partition in the uterus), fibroids (non-cancerous tumors), or cervical insufficiency (weakened cervix) may have difficulty maintaining a pregnancy. These conditions can affect embryo implantation and blood flow to the developing fetus or increase the risk of early labor.

3. Hormonal Imbalances

Hormonal imbalances can also contribute to recurrent miscarriages. Women with conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders may be more susceptible to hormonal imbalances. Thyroid problems, in particular, whether it’s hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), can disrupt fertility and pregnancy. Managing these conditions with the help of a doctor can significantly reduce the risk of miscarriage.

4. Immunological Issues

In certain cases, the immune system may mistakenly attack the developing pregnancy, leading to recurrent miscarriages. One condition known as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) causes the body to produce antibodies that increase the risk of blood clots. These clots can interfere with the blood supply to the placenta, causing complications in the pregnancy. Women with these conditions may require medication to regulate their immune system and reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy.

5. Lifestyle Factors and Environmental Exposures

Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and drug use can all contribute to a high risk of miscarriage. Additionally, exposure to environmental toxins, including pesticides, chemicals, and radiation, may harm the developing fetus and increase the likelihood of pregnancy loss.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding harmful substances, can lower the risk of recurrent miscarriages.

6. Unexplained Causes

Even after extensive testing, some women may not receive a clear diagnosis. However, it’s important to note that many women who experience recurrent miscarriages will go on to have successful future pregnancies.

Conclusion

Dealing with recurrent miscarriages can be a difficult time for couples. But, with effective treatment, couples can overcome its challenges. In case you and your partner have experienced multiple miscarriages in the past, you can seek guidance from Dr. Sukhamoy Barik, a fertility specialist for recurrent miscarriage treatment in Dumdum, to find hope for a brighter future.